1#/etc/nanorc
2set historylog#激活历史日志
3set locking#激活锁定
4set nowrap#激活不隐藏输入
5set suspend#激活拼接模式
6include "/usr/share/nano/*.nanorc"

1#激活鼠标
2set mouse
3#激活首行缩进
4set autoindent

 1#定义自己的vim
 2cp /etc/vim/vimrc ~/.vimrc
 3#./vimrc
 4#配置语法高亮
 5syntax on
 6#背景着色为黑色
 7set background=dark
 8#显示行号
 9set number
10#显示当前命令
11set showcmd
12#忽略大小写搜索
13set ignorecase
14#设置鼠标使用
15set mouse=a

 1# “短暂性”配置选项参数
 2:set 选项名
 3# 而不激活（取消）一个选项参数
 4:set no 选项名
 5# 查询选项的参数
 6:set 选项名?
 7# 输出结果为background=light
 8:set background?
 9
10# 几个常见的设置命令
11# 显示当前命令
12:set showcmd
13# 显示行号
14:set number
15# 在查找时忽略大小写
16:set ignorecase
17# 鼠标支持
18:set mouse=a

1chsh

1vim test.sh

1# 指定运行脚本用得shell
2#!/bin/bash
3#输入最简单的指令
4ls

1# 添加脚本可执行权限
2chmod +x test.sh
3#运行脚本
4./test.sh

1bash -x test.sh

1#特别注意，在等号两边不要加空格。
2#错误 a = "Hello world"
3a="Hello world"

1echo "Hello World"
2#-e 参数，为了使“转义字符”发生作用
3echo -e "First line\nSecond line"

1echo $a
2#下面显示变量的方式有点类似kotlin的用法
3echo "The message is $a"

1# 单引号
2a='Hello World'
3echo 'The message is $a'
4echo "The message is $a"
5dir=`pwd`
6echo "The dir is $dir"

 1read msg
 2echo "Hello, $msg"
 3read Date Time
 4echo "today is $a, $b"
 5# 显示输入提示
 6read -p 'This is a shell learn' action
 7echo "my shell echo :$action"
 8# 限制字符数
 9read -p 'name limit is 8' -n 8 limit_length
10echo "\nmy shell echo :$limit_length"
11# 限制输入事件
12read -p 'time is limit 10 second, you must hurry up' -t 10 limit_time
13echo -e "\nBoom !"
14echo "\nmy shell echo :$limit_time"
15# 隐藏输入内容
16read -p 'you input secret :' -s password
17echo "\nOk, passwd is $password"

1# let 命令可以用于赋值
2let "num1 = 1"
3let "num2 = 1"
4let "num3 = num1 + num2"
5echo "num3 = $num3"

1# 下面两种方式是一样的
2a=1
3let "a = a * 3"
4let "a *= 3"

 1# 方式1，直接输入bc，在bc模式下运算，一般根据你的输入精度来对应输出精度，通过输入quit回车后退出
 2bc
 3sqrt(3.0000000000*10^0)
 41.7320508075
 5# 方式2，通过管道
 6# scale=2，代表保留2位
 7echo 'scale=2; (2.777 - 1.4744)/1' | bc
 8# 通过ibase和Obase来进制转化，原始进制位ibase，目标进制位Obase
 9echo "ibase=2;111" |bc
10abc=192 
11echo "obase=2;$abc" | bc
12abc=11000000 
13echo "obase=10;ibase=2;$abc" | bc

 1# /etc/profile,系统的环境变量
 2# 这里先后加载了/etc/bash.bashrc和/etc/profile.d/*.sh
 3if [ "$PS1" ]; then
 4  if [ "$BASH" ] && [ "$BASH" != "/bin/sh" ]; then
 5    # The file bash.bashrc already sets the default PS1.
 6    # PS1='\h:\w\$ '
 7    if [ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ]; then
 8      . /etc/bash.bashrc
 9    fi
10    ...
11fi
12
13if [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; then
14  for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do
15    if [ -r $i ]; then
16      . $i
17    fi
18  done
19  unset i
20fi

1# if running bash
2if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
3    # include .bashrc if it exists
4    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
5        . "$HOME/.bashrc"
6    fi
7fi
8
9PATH="$HOME/bin:$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"

1export

1./variable.sh 参数1 参数2 参数3 ...

1#!/bin/bash
2
3echo "The first parameter is $1"
4shift
5echo "The first parameter is now $1"

1age=22
2age=${age}+1
3echo ${age}

1# 用let命令使其进行数学运算
2let age=${age}+1
3# 用declare把变量定义为整型
4declare -i age=22

1array=('value0' 'value1' 'value2')

1${array[2]}

1array[3]='value3'

1#!/bin/bash
2
3array=('value0' 'value1' 'value2')
4array[5]='value5'
5echo ${array[*]}
6echo ${array[@]}
7# 获取数组元素个数为: ${#array[@]}或者${#array[*]}
8echo ${#array[@]}
9echo ${#array[*]}

1if [ condition ]
2then 
3    dosomething
4fi

1if [ condition ]; then
2    dosomething
3fi

1if [ condition1 ];then
2    dosomething1
3elif [ condition2 ];then
4    dosomething2
5else
6    dosomething3
7fi

 1#!/bin/bash
 2
 3case $1 in
 4    "Cupcake")
 5        echo "Hello Cupcake !"
 6        ;;
 7    "Donut")
 8        echo "Hello Donut !"
 9        ;;
10    "Éclair")
11        echo "Hello Éclair !"
12        ;;
13    "Froyo")
14        echo "Hello Froyo !"
15        ;;
16    *)
17        echo "Sorry, I do not know which version.Maybe Oreo"
18        ;;
19esac

 1#!/bin/bash
 2case $1 in
 3    "dog" | "cat" | "pig")
 4        echo "It is a mammal"
 5        ;;
 6    "pigeon" | "swallow")
 7        echo "It is a bird"
 8        ;;
 9    *)
10        echo "I do not know what it is"
11        ;;
12esac

 1#!/bin/bash
 2# 输入一个字符，用于后续判断是字母，数字还是其他类型
 3read -p "press some key ,then press return :" KEY
 4case $KEY in
 5    [a-z]|[A-Z])
 6        echo "It's a letter."
 7        ;;
 8    [0-9]) 
 9        echo "It's a digit."
10        ;;
11    *)
12        echo "It's function keys、Spacebar or other ksys."
13        ;;
14esac

 1#!/bin/bash
 2var="Barry"
 3echo $var
 4echo ${var}
 5echo ${#var}
 6var1="0123456789abcdef"
 7echo ${var1:0}
 8echo ${var1:0-5}
 9echo ${var1:2:5}
10echo ${var1:5:-2}
11echo ${var1:0-3:-1}
12echo "================"
13var6="http://127.0.0.1/index.php"
14echo ${var6#*/}
15echo ${var6##*/}
16echo ${var6%/*}
17echo ${var6%%/*}
18echo "================"
19echo $(date)
20echo $((500+5*4))
21echo "================"
22var7="08880"
23echo ${var7/0/Barry}
24echo ${var7//0/Barry}
25echo "================"
26newstring="new"
27echo ${var2:-newstring}
28echo $var2
29echo ${var:-newstring}
30echo $var
31echo "================"
32echo ${var3:=newstring}
33echo $var3
34echo ${var:=newstring}
35echo $var
36echo "================"
37echo ${var4:+newstring}
38echo $var4
39echo ${var:+newstring}
40echo $var
41echo "================"
42echo ${var:?newstring}
43echo ${var5:?newstring}

1while [ condition ]
2do
3    dosomething
4done

1while [ condition ]; do
2    dosomething
3done

 1#!/bin/bash
 2
 3while [ -z $response ] || [ $response != 'yes' ]
 4do
 5    read -p 'Say yes : ' response
 6    if [[ $response == 0 ]]; then
 7        echo "shell exit"
 8        # 退出此shell脚本
 9        exit 0
10    fi
11done
12
13n=0
14# 创造一个死循环
15# 这样的写法也可以while :
16while [ 1 ]
17do
18  sleep 1
19  # 算法加法，不加双括号被认为是字符串
20  ((n++))
21  echo loop $n time
22  if [[ $n == 5 ]]; then
23    echo "this time need break"
24    # 跳出循环
25    break
26  elif [[ $n == 3 ]]; then
27    echo "need to continue"
28    # 直接跳到变量指向的下一个循环列表
29    continue
30  else
31    echo "just go"
32  fi
33done

 1#!/bin/bash
 2# 推荐的一种比较相等的方式[[ "$response"x == "yes"x ]]
 3until [[ "$response"x == "yes"x ]]
 4do
 5    read -p 'Say yes : ' response
 6    if [[ $response = 0 ]]; then
 7        echo "shell exit"
 8        # 退出此shell脚本
 9        exit 0
10    fi
11done
12
13n=0
14# 创造一个死循环until [ ]
15until [ ]
16do
17  sleep 1
18  # 算法加法，不加双括号被认为是字符串
19  ((n++))
20  echo loop $n time
21  if [[ $n == 5 ]]; then
22    echo "this time need break"
23    # 跳出循环
24    break
25  elif [[ $n == 3 ]]; then
26    echo "need to continue"
27    # 直接跳到变量指向的下一个循环列表
28    continue
29  else
30    echo "just go"
31  fi
32done

1for var in 'var1' 'var2' 'var3' ... 'varn'
2do
3    dosomething
4done

 1#!/bin/bash
 2
 3# 列表可以是自定义
 4for animal in 'dog' 'cat' 'pig'
 5do
 6    echo "Animal being analyzed : $animal"
 7done
 8echo "==================="
 9# 列表可以是变量
10listfile=`ls`
11for file in $listfile
12do
13    echo "File found : $file"
14done
15echo "==================="
16
17# 列表可以是变量，可以直接省略直接通过反引号的方式写入
18for file1 in `ls`
19do
20    echo "File found : $file1"
21done
22echo "==================="
23
24# 列表可以是文件的集合
25for i in /boot/*
26do
27    echo "/boot/ dir list : $i"
28done

 1#!/bin/bash
 2# 如果是从1开始，可以简写成for i in `seq n`
 3for i in `seq 1 5`
 4do
 5    echo $i
 6done
 7echo "==================="
 8
 9for i in `seq 8`
10do
11    echo $i
12done
13echo "==================="
14
15# 从1开始，间隔为2
16for i in `seq 1 2 10`
17do
18    echo $i
19done
20echo "==================="
21
22# 从5开始，间隔为-1，倒着数数
23for i in $(seq 5 -1 1)
24do
25    echo  "$i";sleep 1
26done
27echo "==================="
28
29# 从0开始到10的集合
30for i in {0..10}; do
31    echo $i
32done

1#!/bin/bash
2echo "there are $# arguments in this scripts"
3# 通过变量N用来计数
4N=1    
5for i in $@
6do
7    echo "\$$N is $i"
8    ((N++))
9done

1funname () {
2    action
3    [return int]
4}

1function funname {
2    action
3    [return int]
4}

 1#!/bin/bash
 2print_func_1 () {
 3    echo "Hello, I am a function"
 4}
 5
 6print_func_2 () {
 7    echo Hello $1
 8}
 9
10print_func_1
11# print_func_1是无参，所以加参数也是没有意义的
12print_func_1 Matthew
13print_func_2 Matthew
14print_func_2 Mark

 1#!/bin/bash
 2# 显示返回
 3print_func_3 () {
 4    echo Hello $1
 5    return 1
 6}
 7
 8# 显示返回
 9print_func_3_1 () {
10    echo Hello $1
11    return 255
12}
13
14# 显示返回，这个超过255之后，就会对返回的值取余(N-1)%255
15print_func_3_2 () {
16    echo Hello $1
17    return 258
18}
19
20
21#隐式返回
22print_func_4 () {
23    cat $1 | wc -l
24}
25
26print_func_3 $1
27echo res = $?
28echo "================"
29
30print_func_3_1 $1
31echo res = $?
32echo "================"
33
34print_func_3_2 $1
35echo res = $?
36echo "================"
37
38line_num=$(print_func_4 $1)
39echo The file $1 has $line_num lines

 1#!/bin/bash
 2
 3local_global_func () {
 4    local var1='local'
 5    echo Inside function: var1 is $var1 : var2 is $var2
 6    # 这里的 var1 是函数中定义的局部变量
 7    # 这里的 var2 是函数外定义的全局变量
 8    var1='local_var1'   
 9    var2='local_var2'
10    echo function call: var1 is $var1 : var2 is $var2
11}
12
13var1='global_var1'
14var2='global_var2'
15
16echo Before function call: var1 is $var1 : var2 is $var2
17
18local_global_func
19
20echo After function call: var1 is $var1 : var2 is $var2

1#!/bin/bash
2ls () {
3    echo $1
4    command ls -lh
5}
6
7ls $1

 1#!/bin/bash
 2
 3# Verification of parameter
 4# 确认参数
 5if [ -z $1 ]
 6then
 7    echo "Please enter the file of dictionary !"
 8    exit 0
 9fi
10
11# Verification of file existence
12# 确认文件存在
13if [ ! -e $1 ]
14then
15    echo "Please make sure that the file of dictionary exists !"
16    exit 0
17fi
18
19# Definition of function
20# 函数定义
21count_charactor () {
22    for char in {a..z}
23    do
24        # 这里的加o代表一个单词可能出现多个同一字母，一个字符匹配到一个算一个，匹配到多个算多个
25        # tr含义是字符串替换，前面的a-z变为A-Z，代表的是小写转换为大写
26        echo "$char - `grep -io "$char" $1 | wc -l`" | tr /a-z/ /A-Z/ >> tmp.txt
27    done
28    # sort是排序，r为从大到小，n为数字排序，k指定根据哪几列进行排序，这里为第2列，t为指定分割符，这里是-
29    sort -rn -k 2 -t - tmp.txt
30    rm tmp.txt
31}
32
33# Use of function
34# 函数使用
35count_charactor $1